Citigroup Sells Crowns Jewels after Subprime fallout

CITIGROUP is in talks to sell a majority stake in Smith Barney, the brokerage firm, to Morgan Stanley in a deal that would create the world's biggest wealth manager.
Picture: APThe negotiations came to light as Robert Rubin, the former US Treasury Secretary, resigned as senior counsellor and director of Citigroup after months of criticism for his role in leading what was once the world’s largest bank to the brink of collapse.
Under the deal being discussed by Morgan Stanley and Citigroup, 51 per cent of Smith Barney will be sold to Morgan Stanley with an option to buy the rest of the business within five years.
Morgan Stanley declined to comment on the talks and Citigroup did not respond to requests for comment. It was not clear how much the deal would cost Morgan Stanley.
The banks are expected to work through the weekend to finalise the terms of the deal. The merger would help Morgan Stanley, which converted to a bank holding company last year and subsequently received $US10 billion ($14 billion) in Government aid, to diversify.
Citigroup, which has taken $US45 billion in government funding, is likely to welcome the additional capital that the deal would provide. The move is also in line with the strategy of Vikram Pandit, the Citigroup chief executive, to downsize the business after the sub-prime debacle. Citigroup is dismissing 52,000 of its workers after it made $US20 billion in credit-related losses.
The bank also announced the resignation of Mr Rubin, who was Treasury Secretary from 1995 to 1999. In a letter to Mr Pandit, Mr Rubin said: “My great regret is that I and so many of us who have been involved in this industry for so long did not recognise the serious possibility of the extreme circumstances that the financial system faces today.”
Mr Rubin, who joined Citigroup in 1999, has been excoriated in the media as the force behind the bank’s decision to chase profits by pushing into risky credit-related products. His duties at the bank, other than using his network to attract clients, were not clear, but insiders said that his influence was pervasive.
In his time at Citigroup, Mr Rubin collected about $US150 million in remuneration.
Before becoming Treasury Secretary, Mr Rubin, who is a graduate of Harvard and Yale Law School, had a long career at Goldman Sachs, where he started on the arbitrage trading desk and worked his way up to become co-chairman of the elite bank.
Shares in Citigroup closed in New York at $US6.75, down by 5.7 per cent.

Australian federal government to take over consumer credit regulation

Will the Fed abolish interest-rate caps on pay day lenders?
Many feel that scrapping interest rate caps will leave low-income earners vulnerable to rip-off interest rates.State-based rate caps that stop lenders charging exorbitant interest are likely to disappear once the Federal Government takes over regulation of consumer credit, raising concern about the impact on low-income borrowers who have no choice but to use high-cost "fringe" lenders.
The Federal Government is expected to rely on its "responsible lending" laws, due to take effect from November, rather than maintaining the interest-rate caps that apply in NSW, the ACT, Victoria and Queensland.
There seems to be a presumption that a Labor Government will dismiss the important protective measure of capped interest rates out of hand.
In my opinion is this pure speculation, and I am confident that the social justice values of the Labor party will shine through, and any changes required to the Legislation will be made to protect the most venerable in our society short term credit to struggling low income earners is a high risk business, where both the capital and the interest are at risk.
So it is expected that these loans charge a higher interest rate.On the other hand, even a high interest rate is not enough to offset the risk, and fees and charges, that increase on defaults, should be part of the compensation mix.
These loans are usually small, and are usually paid within a month or so, a higher interest rate is not a burden. They become a burden when the interest rate balloons and the borrower cannot repay, said Mr Mortgage. "So yes, there needs to be room for hardship rules to govern the conduct of payday lenders."
Teresa Wilson, who chairs the Australian Microfinance Network. says "The Government has indicated that it's not keen on interest-rate capping, apparently because here will be a “responsible-lending requirement” attached to credit contracts and I think it's relying on that to minimise exploitative lending practices.
Teresa feels that the Government needs to look closer at using an interest rate cap as part of the responsible lending law.
Mr Mortgage says “that as long as the borrower has free access to the Courts to claim financial hardship, then the Government may be enough to protect low income earners and pensioners. On the other-hand, if course actions were to become wide spread these actions could clog the courts and legal system and only the lawyers would benefit.”
“Also, Teresa has not mentioned pawnbrokers, and these seem to be able to lend at higher rates and not be affected by credit laws” To me this is a big loophole that needs to be addressed.
"Low-income earners, unable to access credit from mainstream lenders because of "rigid" lending criteria, have little option but to pay high rates if they need a short-term loan to cover a large energy bill or to replace a broken-down fridge, " Teresa Wilson says.
The situation is no better or worse as mainstream lenders tighten their criteria in the wake of the credit crunch, she says. That's because credit assessments are based purely on income rather than looking more broadly at ways to help them. "It has been demonstrated that people on low incomes can repay loans as long as the loan product is structured so as not to set them up for failure," Wilson says, adding that it requires reasonable interest rates, reasonable repayment schedules and some flexibility in the product."
"It's about looking at capacity to pay in a real sense and structuring the product so it's affordable," she says.
I think that we all need to realise that predatory lending practices that caught so many home buyers in the US , have led to the failure and closure or merger of many banks and mortgage lenders in the US.
In Australia we are better than that. Any contract has to face a fairness test. On that point alone any predatory loan would fail, be unlawful and as such unenforceable at law. The Problem is that most people are unaware of this.” Says Mr Mortgage.
A National Australia Bank project that is testing what the break-even rate for small loans really is say its 28%, about the rate of so called “interest free loans”.
One thing that can be agreed is that yes, we need small loan and cash flow lenders and payday lenders, because they serve a necessary function. What we don’t need fringe lenders who are charging annual interest rates up to 240 percent and up to 480 percent are preying on people who can least afford to repay. We hope that Ms Wilson's concerns are addressed for the sake of borrowers of small loans.

Mortgages: UK bank Lloyds offers new lifeline to first-time buyers with 95pc loan with a hook

First-time buyers will need a deposit of only five percent [plus costs] if they take out a new mortgage just announced by Lloyds TSB. But maybe this is a hot air offer, because first home buyers will also need mum and dad to put up a 20 percent lien. [How many parents do you know with a big slab of idle money?] First home buyers are a valuable part of the market mix, as first home buyers help on average four homes to change hands in a domino effect.Home loans for 95 percent of the property value have been virtually unobtainable recently as lenders responded to the economic crisis by tightening lending criteria, and anticipating property value slides. This period of uncertainty is not over.The new mortgage, called Lend a Hand, offers a three-year fixed rate of 4.39 percent. As mentioned, borrowers will need their parents to deposit a sum equal to an additional 20 percent of the property value in a savings account with the bank. This money will not be accessible until the outstanding loan falls below 90 percent of the property value.And even worse for Mum and Dad, what happens to the money if their kids can’t meet the mortgage repayments? The savings account will pay a competitive fixed interest rate of 3.5 percent. Although the bank will take a legal charge on the savings account, the parents retain ownership of their savings.Lloyds TSB said "If, at the end of the deal, the combination of mortgage repayments and rising house prices has moved the mortgage from 95 percent to 90 percent of the property value, the legal charge on the savings account can be removed and the first time buyer can operate their mortgage account independently, either on Lloyds TSB's standard variable rate, by switching products or remortgaging."Borrowers would save almost £100 a month by comparison with the industry's average rate for a 90 percent mortgage of 5.98 percent, the bank added.Stephen Noakes, commercial director of mortgages at Lloyds Banking Group, said: "First-time buyers are essential to returning the housing market back to good health because every first-time buyer helps, on average, four other households move."As the UK's largest mortgage lender we're committed to help first-time buyers onto the housing ladder and this includes finding innovative ways to lower the first rung so that it is within reach for more people.He added: "Market conditions mean virtually no 95 percent loan to value mortgages are available at the moment, while the few that are come at a high price with stringent credit requirements."The legal charge on the parents' savings account means we can offset the risk of lending at this level to offer a realistic and affordable option for first time buyers. It also gives parents a way of helping their children without actually having to write the cheque."The new loan charges a fee of £995.
If you are a Llyods banker, it gets better all the time.

Australians suffer relative interest rates rise as Australian Banks siphon off the cream for themselves.

It's an Australian pastime to bag the banks I know, but they deserve a special mention for their conduct over the past few interest rate drops where they have sought to siphon off rate cuts meant for customers for their own profit margins.
Yes, they are able to pass on the full rate cuts. They can't be trusted and should not be placed in a position where they can decide not to pass on rate cuts if they choose not to.
The problem is twofold.
Firstly they are answerable to no one. Where's this regulation they talk about?
Secondly that they don't have the competition they used to because:

• Second tier lenders can't get the same rates they enjoy due to drops in State Credit ratings, and thus regional lenders ratings.
• Many of their competitors in the securitised mortgage market can't get funds like they used to.

What Australia needs is a Government sponsored mortgage manager such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in the US so that they can get Government backed funds at competitive rates so that competitive funds can be controlled by the Government and a healthy regulated Mortgage broking industry.

This would produce more jobs and make the construction industry less uncertain and give Australians a better deal to buy their own home.

The Four Major Banks have had to too good for too long. Its time to cut the fat.

Banks selling people into unstainable debt

Buying a home is the best investment you can make, and it may seen like the right thing to do for the economy, but what is the best for you?
Homes are still high in value, maybe too high, and just because your bank will lend you big bucks [nearly $500,000] on small incomes of as low as [$80,000] does the 30 year mortgage make sense to you in these times?
First time home buyers are being warned that generous loan criteria offered by banks could land them in mortgage stress for many years to come.
Buying a low cost home is the better option with joint incomes under $100,000.
Use the Rule of Three
Try to use the rule of three. If you earn $100,000 as a gross income, then you can aford a $300,000 mortgage even when interestrates reach 9%. If you earn $200,000, then you can easily afford a $600,000 mortgage [even if you wisely decide that you don't want this much financial burden]. The solution to buying a more expensive home should be greater earnings, not loose lending.
Buying the biggest home you can afford during the lowest interest rates in history ever is foolish nad may come back to bite you, and the banks should know better, and in my view they may be taking advantage of young inexperienced home buyers without letting them know the consquences of interest rate rises, their other financial commitments that are hidden inside each mortgage document, and the banks foreclosure policy should they fail to make repayments.
Buying a home on the basis that prices and demand will surely rise may be a myth from the past echoes of the baby boomers last gasp.

Banks get cranky over Government rate reduction pass on demands

Australian banks are set for another showdown with the Rudd Government over future interest rate cuts, with NAB boss Cameron Clyne making clear this morning he was "relatively unlikely" to pass on the full amount of the next rate cut.
NAB economist Alan Oster is forecasting another 75 basis rate cut next month with another 50 basis points in the second half this year.
Clyne made clear his customers won't be getting that amount.
Other banks contacted this morning confided they agreed with Clyne, underlining the politics of the move earlier this week to pass on the full level of the 100 basis point cut on official interest rates.
The rate cut came on the day of the Government’s $42 billion handout and the day after CBA told the market it was growing income quickly thanks to better profit margins, so in the scheme of things it would not have looked good for the big banks to have played hard ball this week.
Next time it will be different.
Each bank has a different funding book depending on the level of deposits and the like, but NAB’s costs have gone up from 65 basis points over cash rates from July 2007 to January this year to 99 basis today and it is looking at that increasing to 99 basis points in the near future.
The reason being term funding costs are higher because while cash rates have fallen and the swap rate spread has also fallen, Government bond rates have not fallen as quickly, so as the banks replace short term paper with long term paper the funding costs increase.
That at least is how the big banks see the world.

Westpac is the first bank that passes on full interest rate cut

Westpac is the first bank that has passed on the Reserve Bank of Australia's 100 basis point interest rate cut to its customers.Westpac's new standard variable rate is 5.91 per cent, effective Monday February 9.
The bank says it will also reduce its 55-day credit card rate by 100 basis points.
The nation's other big banks are yet to announce reductions in home loan rates after the Reserve Bank of AUstralia's announcement at 2.30pm (AEDT).

British mortgage rate cut awaits CIty Investors

Britain awaits yet another cut in interest rates to record low levels.
But it may not be enough to boost the London stock market as recession weighs on the economy, traders said.
The FTSE 100 index of leading shares closed on Friday at 4,149.64 points, up 2.39 per cent or 97.17 points from a week earlier.
The Bank of England (BoE) is widely expected to slash British borrowing costs by a further 50 basis points to an official cash rate of just 1 per cent at a meeting on Thursday.
Now at 1.5 per cent, interest rates are at the lowest level since the British central bank was formed in 1694.
This week, a statement from Barclays bank stressing it did not need a government bailout following speculation to the contrary sent its share price and those of its peers rocketing.
Some of the gains last week were lost as the weekend approached due to "poor earnings and bleak labour and housing market data from the US, heightening fears of a deeper global recession", said City Index market strategist Nick Serff.
"This ended a four-day surge for the major indexes, their best performance in two months," he said.
Another notable British corporate announcement this week came from Anglo-Dutch energy giant Royal Dutch Shell, which said it had made a net loss of $US2.81 billion ($A4.3 billion) in the final quarter of 2008 on plunging oil prices.
The loss compared with a net profit of $US8.47 billion ($A13 billion) during the fourth quarter of 2007, when crude prices were far higher, Europe's largest oil company said.

First home buyers deluge a housing market in drought of property investors and move up home buyers.

As investors and second and third home buyers stay away from property, by default the first home buyer share of the mortgage market has risen to a seven-year high in response to big rate cuts and generous grants to new home owners.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data also showed that overall home loan approvals rose for the second straight month in November while the popularity of fixed-rate loans dived to a record low.
The number of housing finance commitments for owner-occupiers rose 1.3 per cent in November, seasonally adjusted. In Queensland this was a negative number, so some States got a good bounce from the incentives put to first time home buyers.
This followed October's 1.4 per cent gain, which reversed eight consecutive monthly falls.
Commonwealth Bank senior economist Michael Workman said aggressive rate cuts and the Federal Government's boost to first-home buyer grants had restored housing sector confidence.
"It is indicating that the interest rate cuts and also the first home buyers scheme have had quite a strong impact on lending,'' Mr Workman said.
The Real Mortgage Picture is still bleak
On an annual basis, mortgage commitments have fallen by a quarter, with 49,192 mortgages taken up in November compared with 65,495 a year earlier.
In October, the Federal Government doubled the first-home buyer grant for established dwellings to $14,000, and tripled the subsidy for newly built homes to $21,000.
The housing finance take-up was likely to improve in coming months as borrowers responded to the increased first-home buyer grant and recent rate cuts, and put aside fears of unemployment.
New dwelling mortgage commitments climbed by a hefty 9.8 per cent in November, while established home lending rose by 1.1 per cent, the ABS data showed.
The mortgage market also boosted by the Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) decision to slash interest rates by one percentage point in October and by 75 basis points in November.
Interest rates were slashed again in December, by one percentage point, taking the cash rate to a six and a half year low of 4.25 per cent.
Expectations of more interest rate cuts appear to have affected the popularity of fixed-rate home loans, which fell to a 2.5 per cent market share in November - the lowest proportion since the ABS started collecting this data in 1991.
Whilst the rate cuts were enticing owner-occupiers and first home buyers, a recovery in the home building sector was still some way off.
Overall, confidence in the property market is still missing and job uncertainty is high.
The value of lending for investor housing fell by 6.1 per cent in November, while the number of loan commitments to build new dwellings dropped by 0.3 per cent.
NSW enjoyed a strong recovery in home loans during November, with the 5.8 per cent rise in housing finance for owner-occupiers reversing nine consecutive months of decline.
Only Tasmania had a bigger monthly increase of 6.5 per cent.
The story was different in the former commodities-boom state of Western Australia, where mortgage commitments fell by 5.8 per cent in November.
The ACT had the steepest monthly fall of 13.8 per cent.

Citigroup Sells Crowns Jewels and sheds workers after Subprime fallout

The once mighty Citigroup hopes to sell a majority stake in Smith Barney, the brokerage firm, to Morgan Stanley in a deal that would create the world's biggest wealth manager.
The negotiations came to light as Robert Rubin, the former US Treasury Secretary, resigned as senior counsellor and director of Citigroup after months of criticism for his role in leading what was once the world’s largest bank to the brink of collapse.
Under the deal being discussed by Morgan Stanley and Citigroup, 51 per cent of Smith Barney will be sold to Morgan Stanley with an option to buy the rest of the business within five years.
Morgan Stanley declined to comment on the talks and Citigroup did not respond to requests for comment.
It was not clear how much the deal would cost Morgan Stanley.
The banks are expected to work through the weekend to finalise the terms of the deal. The merger would help Morgan Stanley, which converted to a bank holding company last year and subsequently received $US10 billion ($14 billion) in Government aid, to diversify.
Citigroup, which has taken $US45 billion in government funding, is likely to welcome the additional capital that the deal would provide. The move is also in line with the strategy of Vikram Pandit, the Citigroup chief executive, to downsize the business after the sub-prime debacle. Citigroup is dismissing 52,000 of its workers after it made $US20 billion in credit-related losses.
The bank also announced the resignation of Mr Rubin, who was Treasury Secretary from 1995 to 1999. In a letter to Mr Pandit, Mr Rubin said:

My great regret is that I and so many of us who have been involved in this
industry for so long did not recognise the serious possibility of the extreme
circumstances that the financial system faces today.

Mr Rubin, who joined Citigroup in 1999, has been excoriated in the media as the force behind the bank’s decision to chase profits by pushing into risky credit-related products. His duties at the bank, other than using his network to attract clients, were not clear, but insiders said that his influence was pervasive.
In his time at Citigroup, Mr Rubin collected about $US150 million in remuneration.
Before becoming Treasury Secretary, Mr Rubin, who is a graduate of Harvard and Yale Law School, had a long career at Goldman Sachs, where he started on the arbitrage trading desk and worked his way up to become co-chairman of the elite bank.
Shares in Citigroup closed in New York at $US6.75, down by 5.7 per cent.